London’s Industrial Archaeology No19 featured an article by
me on ‘The Neglected History of the Greenwich Riverside’. This described the industrial riverside from
the Lewisham border at Upper Watergate to the banks of Deptford Creek. I
thought I should continue this onwards and have debated with myself whether
I should go down the Creek and look at Creekside industry before I continue
along the Thames. I decided however that
I should come back to the Creek later and continue alongside the Thames. This
article follows on from a series of popular articles I have written for a local
weekly freebie ‘Greenwich Weekender’ and is an attempt to summarise the
industries of the Greenwich Riverside, described in those articles, in a more structured context with detailed references
to other works when such material is available
These days, in the 2020s, you can cross
Deptford Creek by a new swing foot bridge near its confluence with the Thames[1]
and once on the Greenwich bank find an area with many blocks of identikit flats
and a big upmarket supermarket.[2] This whole area was marshland until the 1820s
and a plan of 1777 shows in detail what it was like[3].
It shows a ‘sea wall’ topped by footpath. To the south of it is ‘Brooks Marsh’
but beyond it is an area of land tumbling into the river and marked as
‘osiers’. This area was stabilised by contractor David Mackintosh for the Phoenix
Gas Company in the 1820s;[4]
they went on to build a gas works there.
This gas works had been preceded by a
small gas works a few yards to the south in Norway Street[5]
which had been taken over by the Phoenix as part of a local political scandal.[6]
Very little seems to have been written about this works – the main supplier of
gas in Greenwich until the 1890s.[7] It was closed for public gas supply just
before the Great War but produced charcoal for the Government throughout the
war and was later closed. Exploring the area in the late 1980s I found what was
clearly the tank of an old gas holder used for aggregate storage. The site remained
in gas company ownership until the 1940s and was used by their lighterage department.
It was then sold and became a road stone depot for British Quarrying Co and
later ARC Roadstone, known as Granophast Wharf.[8] The
area is now all new flats
Thames Street runs parallel to the
river from the gas works gate to what is now Cutty Sark Gardens. Between Thames
Street and the River was a series of wharves many of them used by small river
related industries including many barge repairers and builders, work places about
which we know very, very little. If we are lucky we might know their names.
The first wharf after the gasworks was Dreadnought
Wharf. It is often assumed that this had
some connection to the Dreadnought Hospital ship which lay in the river nearby.
However there appears to be no
connection other than the ship was near the wharf.[9] The
wharf was used up to the 1840s by the Greenwich fishing fleet from the late
1840s it was used by William Joye the ship and engine builder whose original
works had been to the south on the old gasworks site in Norway Street and his
move to Dreadnought, on the Thames, shows his prosperity. Joyce died at the age
of 42[10] and
the business was then owned by Thomas Meacham[11]. In
1859 the wharf was taken over by John and George Rennie who had had a previous engineering
and ship building works further down in Deptford Creek. They remained there for
the next 56 years building a huge range of vessels and eventually moved to Wivenhoe.[12] The
wharf was next taken over by the Tilbury Contracting and Dredging Co. moving
from Providence Wharf in East Greenwich where they had been known as Hughes.[13]
They remained there until 1963 and have continued as a large multinational,
Interserve.[14] Like everywhere else all maritime
industry was swept away in the early 2000s and the wharf is now the usual flats
and offices.
Next after Dreadnought was Norway Wharf,
also used by William Joyce in the 1850s. It was later taken over by another
engineering firm T.W. Cowan who made heavy steam equipment for agriculture here
and at Kent Iron Works in Creek Road.[15] It
also used by Harvey’s whose later huge factory in Woolwich Road made boilers, fractionating
towers and metal items with perforations – in fact they produced catalogues
with many designs and sizes of holes.[16] This wharf too is now all flats.
Parallel to Thames Street and the River
was another road called Wood Wharf.[17] Ron Richards has recorded many of the small firms
and river related industries which were in this area. On of these, on Wood Wharf itself, was the
Anglo Swedish Electric Welding Co. Who had pioneered a new type of electric
welding. Ron had worked for Pope and Bond who moved to the wharf in 1967. They
survived into the 1990s but lost a major contract and were forced to close - ironically
the Government’s new safeguarding legislation for working wharves had failed to
include boat repair businesses. Another
later industry on the wharf was as a recording studio for the Lewisham musician
Billy Jenkins and his Voice of God Collective. [18]
Horseferry Road runs to down the river
from Creek Road. A horse ferry was not one worked with horses but one on which
horses could be carried and on this site was a ferry terminus. There is a long and
fairly acrimonious history of ferry companies on the river and there were various
schemes and disputes here as to who owned what and who was allowed to operate.[19] In
1888 a steam ferry took over the site with a scheme said to be ‘’ambitious and
mechanically daring’. In addition to steam boats a concrete slip on the
foreshore included a 270 ton landing stage and rails with a large chamber below
the road housing steam engines and 20 ton weight. It ran for only 10 years.[20] Relics
of the rails remain on the foreshore and it is probable the underground chamber
also remain having been investigated - by diving into them - in the late 1990s
by the late Clive Chambers.[21] All
of this is ignored by the pub and housing which replace the wharf.
Continuing along the river and nearing
Cutty Sark Gardens we pass the flats of the Meridian Estate built by the London
County Council in the 1930s. Ron Richards mentions the occupants of several of
these wharfs - for example Orient Lighterage, a firm in the tea trade. A cannon on the riverside may mark Cannon
Wharf and I was once told that this small site was privately owned and that
campaigners for a traditional Riverside were trying to buy it to prevent it
being taken over by developers.[22]
Arriving at Greenwich Church Street the
walk to the river is now through Cutty Sark Gardens. It is however possible to work out the routes
previous lanes which ran down to the river by the position of walls and ground
markings. Such a walk would probably have been down Billingsgate Street to Billingsgate
Dock which lies alongside Greenwich Pier.
There is no known connection between this dock and Billingsgate in the
City of London except that both dealt with fish and both were owned by the same
Saxon princess.
Greenwich was an important fishing port
up to the mid-19th century, and it was centred on this area. References
to Greenwich fisherman go back to the Middle Ages. Greenwich fishermen worked
in the North Sea and up to the Arctic but in the 1860s many of them moved to
Grimsby where rail links meant that fish caught off Iceland and elsewhere could
be got to London faster.[23]
Many of the wharves used by the fishing
industry were later operated by coal transhipment companies and local papers
listed the arrival of collier ships on a daily basis. There was Dodd’s Wharf
and works as well as Huntley’s coal yard where an overhead rail system ran to
the Riverside.[24] Noakes supplied hay and straw for horses and
one family member invented the Noakesoscope.[25] Another firm in the area was Coneybeare, marine engineers and boilermakers, who made
all sorts of metal components. [26] A side road here was Brewery Lane with the
Nags Head brewery and – one of many pubs – Fubb's Yacht. All of this area was
cleared in the 1940s following World War II bombing and the installation of the
Cutty Sark.[27]
Alongside Billingsgate Dock stands the
Greenwich Foot Tunnel. This was opened by the London County Council in 1902 as
part of a package of six free river crossings built so that east Londoners
could enjoy the same travel freedoms as people in west London whose bridges had
been freed of toll. It was designed by Sir Alexander Binnie and cost £127,000
with a major refurbishment in 2009- 2014. This vital crossing continues to be
heavily used.[28]
We are now in what is now tourist
Greenwich. Although this was a working area until the Second World War it had attracted
a tripper trade since at least the early 19th Century. There is a set of watermen’s stairs near the
foot tunnel – Garden Stairs – which are very ancient and at the top were two
pubs. Drawings from 1795 by Thomas Rowlandson show people arriving in Greenwich
and walking from the boat to the pub – one version shows a respectable queue of
people, the other shows them – well - behaving rather differently![29]
Fisher Lane ran parallel to the river before
Greenwich Pier was built but now the in area is completely open. It contained the usual small firms involved in
riverside activities and a number of pubs. The pier itself dates from 1836 having
been built with what appears to be the involvement of officers from the Royal
Hospital, which was, and are still, the landowners. There was considerable opposition to it from
watermen and for a while a rival ‘floating’ pier was built and operated alongside.
The pier has been used both for tripper and commuter services and in 1905 it
was taken over by the London County Council who ran a regular service from it. It has been rebuilt and repaired on a number
of occasions since, including in the early 1950s to allow entry for the Cutty
Sark.[30] It remains very busy.
At the eastern end of the pier was Ship
Dock which was a draw dock associated with the Ship Hotel which is where the
famous ministerial whitebait dinners were said to be held.[31]
It was destroyed in Second World War bombing.[32]
Leaving Cutty Sark Gardens the riverside
walk continues along the Five Foot Walk and we are in Royal Greenwich. There is
a vast amount of written material about this area and professional historians
in post both here and at the Maritime Museum. The buildings we see are those of
the Royal Hospital, currently in use mainly by the University of Greenwich. It is perhaps worth noting the work of
archaeologists on the foreshore here and the numerous on-site investigations. [33]
However this article is about the industrial use of the riverside – although I
would agree that the service areas and the palace itself were clearly workplaces,
as was the Royal Hospital.[34] I was with industrial archaeologists when we
visited the remains of the Royal Hospital Brewery[35] and
again, when the buildings were the Royal Naval College, and we saw Jason, their
nuclear reactor.[36]
Perhaps one thing industrial historians
should keep in mind about Henry VIII’s palace is that it was from here that he
built up Deptford and Woolwich Dockyards.
The Royal Armoury and subsequent work on explosives connected to the
Palace led in later centuries to the foundation of a vast network of armaments
manufacture which included the Royal Arsenal and much much more.[37]
At the end of the Five Foot Walk is the
Trafalgar Tavern. We are just on the edge of tourist Greenwich and the buildings
for which the town is known. The Italian artist Canaletto’s famous paintings
from the 1859s show a crane on the riverside here together with a set of watermen’s
stairs.[38] The crane belonged to the
Royal Hospital and was used to unload supplies arriving by water. The set of watermen’s
stairs alongside it are still there - now called Royal Naval College Stairs and
hardly ever used. In the 18th
century this was an important landing place and embarkation point for the Royal
Hospital.
The Trafalgar Tavern stands on the riverside at the
end of the Five Foot Walk in Park Row. It dates from the 1836, replacing an
older pub. It has had a variety of uses
including as a working men’s club and as an unemployed worker’s centre.[39]
The riverside walk turns into Crane Street down the
side of the Trafalgar where there is another pub, The Yacht, previously called
the Barley Mow. Like several other riverside buildings in Crane Street it has
links with sporting organisations – it was, for example, an early base for
Greenwich Yacht Club.[40] What industry there was in Crane Street seems
to have been on a small scale. There appears to have been the clay pipe
manufacturing business[41] and
a corset maker.[42]
There were probably others.
Numbers 11 to 13 were previously known as Crane Wharf
used by R Moss who described himself as a paper stock merchant and who paid
money for old rope.[43] In the 1960s it was sold to Greenwich Council
who let it to local rowing clubs. [44] River based sporting activities could also be
found at the draw dock which is at the end of Crane Street at the junction with
Eastney Street. This was the site of Corbett’s boat hire business.[45]
From Eastney Street the riverside path continues as
‘Highbridge’ which was the name given to a structure which was a pier or a
jetty into the River and probably dated from the late Middle Ages.[46] Until the 1930s the first building on the
Riverside adjacent to the draw dock was The Three Crowns pub which from the
1790s was used as the Harbour Masters office[47] before
it was replaced by the better known building in Ballast Quay.
.
The buildings which now on the river side of
Highbridge are small and unpretentious and are mainly were used as offices for river
related service industries – tug and barge operators, lighterage, dredging and
so on. They have more recently been let to charities and small workshops –
athough the developers are moving in. On the landward side of the road are new
houses built on a site once called Creed’s Yard which appears to have included
a 17th century pin making workshop.[48]
Eventually narrow Highbridge widens into an open
space with some planting in front of Trinity College. The road opens out at was once the site of
the Crown and Sceptre pub, which included a bridge section running above the
street and a ‘tap’ on the landward side. Crown and Sceptre had considerable
pretensions and for a while used a West End catering service. It is yet another pub which claimed to have
originated the whitebait dinners. It eventually became the Conservative club but
was demolished in the 1930s.[49]
Trinity Hospital stands back from the road and is
one of the oldest buildings n Greenwich – its ‘Strawberry Hill Gothic’
appearance being the result of a later renovation. It is an almshouse opened in 1617 founded by
the Earl of Northampton.[50] The building and the organisation is of great
interest, but this is an article concentrating on industrial Greenwich. On the
river wall opposite Trinity Hospital is a plaque about exceptional high tides.[51]
From the late Middle Ages Highbridge was the site
of upmarket housing for courtiers and senior staff at the palace. One of these
was the house of John Gunthorpe, Dean of Wells Cathedral and a monk, while
being a career civil servant, diplomat and academic.[52] Gunthorpe’s house was demolished and in 1647
another palatial building was built here.[53] In the early 18th century it was
taken over by ironmaster Ambrose Crowley and became known as Crowley House. The Crowley business came to dominate this
area and Anchor Iron Wharf.[54] Family members continued to live in Crowley
House as later did the family of Isaiah Millington who took the business over
in the late 1780s. It was eventually demolished in 1856 and the site then
became a depot and stable for horse trams.
The horse tram depot was set up initially by the Pimlico,
Peckham and Greenwich Street Tramways Company, later the London Tramways Company
and opened in 1871.[55] It is thought to have been the largest of
London horse tram depots and is said to have housed a thousand horses. It was taken over by the London County Council
in 1899. They converted it to service conduit based electric trams in 1904.[56]
The County Council wanted to provide electricity
for the trams. After taking over other properties in the area on the site of
Crowley House they built a generating station large enough to supply the entire
tram network. It was then one of the largest power stations in the country
designed by the London County Council’s in-house architects while overall in
charge was chief officer A.L.C. Fell.[57] A dispute arose over the height of the
chimneys – popularly ascribed to the Astronomer Royal.[58]
There have been many changes to the power station
since 1904. In 1930 ownership passed to the London Passenger Transport Board;
and it was modernised in the early 1970s when it was converted to fuelling by oil
and gas. It became a backup station to Lots Road genrating station in Chelsea –
but that closed in 1998. Greenwich Power Station is now the emergency
backup station for London Underground. It is a very fine building although
sometimes disliked for its function rather than its looks. Much of its space internal
is now unused and its huge jetty remains, also unused. A very large coal bunker
was built in the 1920s on its western wall – also unused it apparently improves
the acoustics of musical events in the Trinity Hospital garden.
This fine building may be the oldest generating
station in Europe – or maybe the world – still in use for (more or less) its original
function. Greenwich should be proud of
it.
This discussion on the history of the Power Station
site since the Tudor period has not described its earlier history – which is
also indeed the history of the whole riverside area continuing from the Power
Station, with a few breaks, to the very tip of the Greenwich peninsula. It was the bequest of King Alfred’s daughter,
Aelfrida, to St.Peter’s Abbey in Ghent and which subsequently became the Manor
of Old Court.[59] Where the power station now stands was
probably the site of the Old Court House – used as an administrative centre and
guest house and described in 1286. It had its own water supply via a conduit
from springs to the north. In 1532 it was converted into a home for Anne
Boleyn.[60] There was also a tithe barn here and a church
– turning it into a riverside community far older than the area to the west we
now think of as Greenwich. The lands
were confiscated from Ghent in 1414 under Henry V and eventually were purchased
by Sir John Morden in 1699. There is a
Morden College property mark on a house in Ballast Quay but most of the area
remains with them. As this account proceeds along the riverside and onto the
Peninsula there will be many references to the affect of the ownership both of
Ghent and Morden College on the area.[61]
From the
Power Station it is just a few steps onto Anchor Iron Wharf which was the site
of Ambrose Crowley’s warehouses. Quaker Crowley was born
in 1599, and with his son, also Ambrose supplyied iron to small Black Country
workshops and then sold the nails, hinges, rivets and locks which they made to
the Navy Board and the Royal Dockyards. They set up a works on the outskirts of
Newcastle as ‘the largest iron manufactory in Europe’ and the next generation opened
warehouses in London. In the early 18th
century they expanded to Greenwich, bought Crowley House, and built warehouses
which could supply all four of the Royal Dockyards –Deptford, Woolwich,
Portsmouth and Chatham. They also supplied commercial shipping – and, sorry to
say, the slave trade. The family became extremely wealthy trading within the
emerging British Empire.
Anchor Iron Wharf extends in an ‘apron’ jutting
out into the river. Recent archaeology uncovered an anvil on the riverside here
which stood on slag which implied a smithy.[62]
A map of 1739 mentions ‘Anchor Wharf & Forge’. Crowley’s was said to be the largest iron
business in Europe employing 900 men.[63]
Isaac Millington was the Greenwich Manager, and
gradually the business passed to him and his family and the company became
Crowley Millington and Co. In 1849 it was inherited by a Millington great
granddaughter and the great warehouses were sold. By 1895 the wharf was being used for trading
iron and other metals by C.A. Robinson and Co. A commemorative plague on the
wharf says that Charles Robinson moved his scrap business here in 1953 –They
remained there until 1985. [64]
In 2002/3 flats were built on the landward side of the wharf, covering a large
area which including the demolished British Sailor pub in Hoskins Street. The area in front of the flats was cleared
giving a wide river frontage. There is an artwork by Wendy Taylor with a plaque
giving some of the history of the wharf?
Crossing the junction with Hoskins Street[65]
the riverside path reaches Ballast Quay
On Ballast Quay are houses and a pub – now called
The Cutty Sark but originally ‘Union Tavern’.[66] They date from the early 19th century
and were built by Morden College having been designed by their then surveyor, Mr.
Biggs.[67] The wharf was probably used for transhipment
of ballast from pits owned by Morden College and the whole area has a diverse
history from the Ghent ownership to the present day.[68]
The Harbour Masters House
replaced the earlier regulatory offices at Three Crowns in the 1850s. It was designed by local
architect and Morden College surveyor George Smith. It belonged to the Thames
Conservancy who leased both it and Union Wharf. All collier ships had to report
there and provide papers. [69]
When the system was abolished around 1900 the house was sold and let into
flats.
In the mid-1840s the East
Greenwich Steamboat Pier was built opposite the site of the Harbour Master’s
House and a path leads from the road to what was once the entrance to the
office for the pier, which is now used as a building in the Ballast Quay
garden. This may have been a ‘floating pier’ but is now no sign of it on the
foreshore or river wall.
The Ballast Quay Garden
now covers what was Union Wharf. When the Port of London Authority was
established in 1908 it had became the Port of London Wharf and had been
surrounded by a high wall, although it was later railed and some rails remain around
the house and the approach to the wharf. . A steam crane ran on rails along the wharf.
In the mid-1960s it was transformed into a garden by Hillary Peters. Art
exhibitions are sometimes held in the ‘potting sheds’ which are actually the
old ticket office for the short lived pier. In the garden is a sculpture made
of waste materials taken from the river by Kevin Herlihy as a memorial to the millions
of animals killed during the foot-and-mouth crisis of 2001. [70]
At the end of Ballast Quay
is the junction with Pelton Road. Until the mid-19th century to
continue down the riverside path would have meant going through a gate onto a
unique and partly private area then called Greenwich Marsh, but in the past 30
years has become Greenwich Peninsula.
[1] There are numerous web sites describing
this structure. For example: https://www.newcivilengineer.com/archive/the-gallery-deptford-creek-footbridge-swings-into-position-14-11-2014/
or https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/special-reports/swing-bridge-bridges-thames-divide-10-10-2014/
There are many more
[2] There are numerous web sites about the
development. For i.e. https://buj.co.uk/projects/greenwich-reach-se10/.
[3] Metcalfe Estate Plan
[4] Phoenix Gas Co Minutes (LMA) October
1824
[5] See
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/topdrawings/g/005add000031331u00087000.html
[6] M.Mills. The Advent of Gas Street
Lighting in Greenwich. Jrnl Greenwich
Historical Soc 2017/18.
[7] There are numerous references to this
works in early 20th Century issues of the South Met Gas Co. house
magazine Co-partnership Journal. Also
see M.Mills. West Greenwich Gas Works. Gas Light. North West Gas Historical
Soc. 3/2001 and reproduced in Greenwich Industrial History Newsletter 5/ 2001.
Also M.Mills West Greenwich Gas Works, Greenwich Weekender 23/1/2020
[8] Deptford Power Station and Creekside.
Planning Brief. LBGreenwich Jan 1988
[9] G.C.Cook, From the Greenwich Hulks to
Old St.Pancras. Athlone Press 1992.
[10] 6th Feb 2019
[11] Meacham had been Joyce’s foreman. When Joyce was declared bankrupt in 1854
Meacham bought the works and it continued as before. The bankruptcy was apparently caused by money
owed to Meacham by Joyce.
[12] A.Arnold. Iron shipbuilding on the
Thames. 2000
[13] M.Mills. Jim Hughes and Orinoco Bygone Kent Feb. 2001
[14] https://www.interserve.com/ I am fascinated to learn that
Interserve has worked with and funded the environmental charity, Groundwork – who
undertook a 2002 project on the Greenwich riverside path.
[15] https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Thomas_William_Cowan
[16]
https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/G._A._Harvey_and_Co
[17] Ron Richards. Victorian Wood Wharf and
the Greenwich Riverside 1820-2010. Self published.
[18]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jenkins_(musician)
[19] Joan Tucker. Ferries of the Lower Thames. Amberley
[20] Wood Wharf. A Life Preserver for the
Working Thames. Groundwork.1997
[21]
https://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.com/search?q=wood+wharf
[22] In conversation with the late Reg
Barter. Reg was closely involved with the preserved London Fire Float, Massey
Shaw, then moored at Wood Wharf to which Reg had access. When developers moved in Massey Shaw was
forced to move out.
[23] Barbara Ludlow. Greenwich Fish and Billingsgate
Dock; Mrs Thomas Norledge. Greenwich as an Ancient Fishing Port. Trans
Greenwich & Lewisham Antiq Soc. 1915; https://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.com/2019/11/fish-and-billingsgate-dock.html
[24] Julian Watson. In the Meantime. LBG
1988
[25]
https://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.com/2015/02/gihs-meeting-glias-had-been-there-before.html
[26] Ron Richards. Wood Wharf
[27] Julian Watson. In the Meantime.. LBG
1988
[28] Inst. Civil Engineers
1901-1902.Greenwich Footway Tunnel. W. C. Copperthwaite. LB Greenwich. Greenwich & Woolwich Foot
Tunnels. Feasibility Study for refurbishment. Mary Mills. Foot Tunnels Beneath
the Thames. Subterranea Brittanica, No.37 12/2014. https://fogwoft.com/
[29] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Rowlandson_-_Greenwich_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg; https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1181526/landing-at-greenwich-watercolour-rowlandson-thomas/;
[30] Research on the pier was put together
by myself from contemporary newspaper and other cuttings. I would like to thank Sally Maschiter (PLA & DHG) for information on changes to
it in the 20th century
[31] The ministerial dinners, of course, actually originated in Dagenham. Roger Williams Whitebait and the Thames Fisheries. 2016
[32] Julian Watson. In the Meantime
[33] Thames Discovery Programme: Public
engagement and research on London’s foreshore Archaeology International,
15,DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ai.1506. 2012
[34]I am aware of some current work undertaken with these professionals – ie a study of nurses at the Royal Hospital.
[35]
http://breweryhistory.com/wiki/index.php?title=Old_Brewery_(Greenwich)
[36]
https://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.com/2010/10/jason.html
[37] Oliver Hogg. The Royal Arsenal. 1963.
[38] https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/13306.html
This is the version in the National Maritime Museum as this web site
explains.
[39] John Bold. The Trafalgar Tavern. Jrnl
Greenwich Historical Society 2019.
[40] Paul Woodhead, The Yacht
Club.2000. Other sporting links from
newspaper stories, etc. The current pub
web site makes no mention of its past only present day football. https://www.greeneking-pubs.co.uk/pubs/greater-london/yacht/sports/football/
[41] Julian Bowsher. Greenwich Tobacco
Pipes. Society for Clay Pipe Research.
Newsletter 72.
[42] 1851 Census Index for North West Kent.
North West Kent Family History Society. Vol VII Greenwich Parish,
[43] https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/112341.html.
The drawing includes a sign offering to buy old rope, amog other items.
[44] http://www.globerowingclub.co.uk/club/history; http://www.curlewrowingclub.co.uk/; https://trafalgarrowingcentre.co.uk/
[45] Woodhead. The Yacht Club.
[46] Robert Somerville. Roads and Streets of
Greenwich. Greenwich & Lewisham Antiquarian Soc. Trans. 1979-80
[47] The Dickensian. 39-40 1943.
[48] Cooke,
N. and Phillpotts, C. (2003). Excavations at Creedy's Yard, Highbridge Wharf,
Greenwich, 1997:.Trans London
Middlesex Archaeol Soc Vol
53, pp. 53-95
[49] See for ie https://pubwiki.co.uk/KentPubs/Greenwich/CrownSceptre.shtm.
Additional historical notes taken from press and other notes.
[50] Jean Imray. The Early Days of Trinity
Hospital. Trans Greenwich & Lewisham Antiq Soc. Vol.IX No.3. 1981; Julian Watson. Some
Greenwich Charities. Trans Greenwich & Lewisham Antiq Soc Vol VIII
No.3 1974
[51] https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMBFRH_High_Bridge_Wharf_1928_Greenwich_UK;
https://www.londonremembers.com/memorials/high-tide-1928
[52] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gunthorpe
[53]
https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/106403.html
[54] Barbara
Ludlow. Royalists, a Regicide and Iron Masters. Bygone Kent November 2003
The only book about the Crowleys which I am aware of is F.W.Flinn,
'Men of Iron: The Crowleys in the
Early Iron Industry' published as long ago as 1963. There are however a number of web sites.
[55]
http://www.tramwaybadgesandbuttons.com/page148/page151/styled-209/page632.html
[56] Keith Smith &Pat Turner. Directory
of British Tram Depots.2001
[57] Peter Guillery.
Greenwich Generating Station. London’s Industrial Archaeology No.7 . There are
also various web sites from London Underground, transport enthusiasts, etc and
books including The Directory of British Tram Depots. Feltram Way in Charlton
is named after A.F.C.Fell.
[58] Graham Dolan. Greenwich Power Station. http://www.royalobservatorygreenwich.org/articles.php?article=1243
[59] https://www.british-history.ac.uk/london-environs/vol4/pp426-493 ; David Leggatt. The Manor of East Greenwich and the American Colonies. Greenwich & Lewisham Antiq.Soc. 1976-77 Vl VIII No.5
[60] Julian Bowsher, Anchor Iron Wharf, Lassell Street, SE10. An Archaeological Evaluation Report. MOLA
[61] Julian Watson, St Peter’s Abbey Ghent. Jrnl Greenwich Hist. Soc. 2009 Vol.3.No.6. Neil Rhind & Julian Watson. Greenwich Revealed: An Investigation into Some Early 18th C. Line Drawings of Greenwich.
2013
[62] Excavations at Anchor
Iron Wharf parts 1 & 2 London Archaeol 13 (7) 175–80 and (13) 8,
217–221
[63] F.W.Flinn, Men of Iron: The Crowleys in the Early Iron Industry, 1963.
[65]Julie Tadman. A Fisherman of Greenwich. Julie describes members of the Hoskins family and their disputes over land on Ballast Quay with the Greenwich Vestry and Morden College. Self published in New Zealand – but happy to forward enquiries.
[66] http://www.ballastquay.com/the-cutty-sark-tavern.html (article by Neil Rhind on the pub).
[67] Info contained in Morden College deed collection and minute books.
[68] http://www.ballastquay.com/
[69] A.G. Linney. The Harbour Master’s House. Co-partnership Jrnl. 1910
[70] http://www.ballastquay.com/garden-history.html
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